Headaches are common, but not all are harmless. Learn the signs that warrant a specialist’s opinion, what to expect during a neurology visit, and simple steps to manage everyday head pain.
What is a headache?
A headache is pain arising from structures in the head, such as the scalp, muscles, blood vessels, or nerves. Most are benign, but some can signal an underlying condition that needs medical attention.
Common types of headaches
- Tension‑type headache: dull, band‑like pressure, often linked to stress or poor posture.
- Migraine: throbbing pain, usually on one side, accompanied by nausea, light or sound sensitivity.
- Cluster headache: severe, unilateral pain around the eye, occurring in groups over weeks.
- Secondary headache: caused by another health issue such as sinus infection, high blood pressure, or a neurological condition.
Red‑flag symptoms (when to seek specialist care)
While occasional headaches are normal, the following signs should prompt a visit to a neurologist or neurosurgeon:
- Sudden, severe “thunderclap” headache that peaks within minutes.
- Headache after a head injury, even if mild.
- New headache after age 50 without a clear trigger.
- Neurological signs such as weakness, numbness, vision changes, speech difficulty, or loss of balance.
- Persistent vomiting, fever, or stiff neck.
- Headache that worsens with lying down or improves when standing.
When to consult a neurosurgeon
Dr. Gurneet Singh Sawhney, a leading neurosurgeon at Fortis Mulund, evaluates headaches that may be linked to structural brain issues, such as:
- Brain tumours or cysts.
- Hydrocephalus (excess fluid in the brain).
- Vascular abnormalities like aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations.
- Chiari malformation or other congenital anomalies.
If any red‑flag symptom is present, or if your primary doctor suspects a structural cause, a referral to a neurosurgeon is appropriate.
How to prepare for your appointment
- Write down the pattern of your headaches: onset, duration, triggers, and associated symptoms.
- List all medications, supplements, and over‑the‑counter pain relievers you use.
- Bring any previous imaging reports (CT, MRI) if available.
- Note family history of neurological disorders.
Everyday lifestyle tips to reduce common headaches
- Maintain regular sleep – 7‑8 hours per night.
- Stay hydrated; aim for 2‑3 litres of water daily.
- Take short breaks during screen time and practice neck stretches.
- Manage stress through yoga, meditation, or breathing exercises.
- Limit caffeine and alcohol intake.