Learn what osteoarthritis is, its common signs, simple lifestyle changes, and treatment options to help you stay active and pain‑free.
What is Osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint condition where the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones gradually wears down. It most often affects knees, hips, hands and the lower back, leading to pain and reduced movement.
Common Symptoms
- Joint pain that worsens with activity and eases with rest
- Stiffness, especially in the morning or after sitting
- Swelling or a feeling of warmth around the joint
- Reduced flexibility and difficulty performing daily tasks
Risk Factors for Indian Patients
- Age – risk increases after 45 years
- Being overweight or obese, which adds extra pressure on weight‑bearing joints
- Family history of joint problems
- Previous joint injuries or surgeries
- Jobs that involve repetitive kneeling, squatting or heavy lifting
Prevention and Lifestyle Tips
Maintain a Healthy Weight
Even a modest weight loss of 5–10 % can reduce stress on the knees and hips, easing pain and slowing cartilage loss.
Stay Active
Regular low‑impact exercises such as brisk walking, swimming, cycling, or yoga keep the joints flexible and strengthen the muscles that support them.
Balanced Diet
Include calcium‑rich foods (milk, paneer, leafy greens) and vitamin D sources (sunlight, fortified foods) to support bone health. Omega‑3 fatty acids found in fish, flaxseeds and walnuts may help reduce inflammation.
Protect Your Joints
Use proper techniques while lifting, avoid prolonged sitting, and consider supportive footwear to reduce joint strain.
When to Seek Medical Help
If joint pain interferes with daily activities, you notice persistent swelling, or the stiffness lasts longer than 30 minutes after resting, schedule a visit to your doctor. Early evaluation can prevent further damage.
Treatment Options
- Physical therapy to improve strength and flexibility
- Over‑the‑counter pain relievers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, as advised by a doctor
- Topical creams containing menthol or capsaicin for localized relief
- Prescription medications like glucosamine, if appropriate
- Intra‑articular injections for severe inflammation
- Surgical options (e.g., joint replacement) in advanced cases