A clear, Indian‑focused guide to understanding PCOS – its signs, why it occurs, how it’s diagnosed and the lifestyle and medical options available at K K Hospital, Delhi.
What is PCOS?
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterised by an imbalance of reproductive hormones, which can lead to irregular periods, excess hair growth, acne, and difficulty conceiving.
Common Symptoms
- Irregular or absent menstrual periods
- Heavy bleeding during periods
- Excess facial or body hair (hirsutism)
- Acne or oily skin
- Weight gain, especially around the abdomen
- Thinning hair on the scalp
- Difficulty getting pregnant
Why Does PCOS Occur?
The exact cause is unknown, but several factors may contribute:
- Genetics: A family history of PCOS increases risk.
- Insulin resistance: The body’s cells become less responsive to insulin, leading to higher insulin levels that can stimulate excess androgen production.
- Hormonal imbalance: Elevated levels of androgens (male hormones) disrupt normal ovulation.
How is PCOS Diagnosed?
Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical features, blood tests, and ultrasound findings. The Rotterdam criteria, widely used worldwide, require any two of the following three features:
- Irregular or absent ovulation
- High levels of androgens (clinical or biochemical)
- Polycystic appearance of ovaries on ultrasound
Typical Tests at K K Hospital
- Blood tests: Hormone profile (LH, FSH, testosterone), fasting glucose, lipid profile
- Transvaginal or abdominal ultrasound to assess ovarian morphology
Management Options
PCOS is a chronic condition, but symptoms can be effectively managed with a combination of lifestyle changes and medical therapy.
1. Lifestyle Modifications
- Balanced diet: Emphasise whole grains, fresh fruits, vegetables, lean protein and limit refined sugars.
- Regular exercise: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate‑intensity activity per week to improve insulin sensitivity.
- Weight management: Even a 5–10% reduction in body weight can restore regular cycles.
2. Medical Treatments
- Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs): Regulate menstrual cycles and reduce androgen levels.
- Insulin‑sensitising agents (e.g., Metformin): Helpful for women with insulin resistance or impaired glucose tolerance.
- Anti‑androgen medications (e.g., Spironolactone): Reduce hirsutism and acne.
- Fertility drugs (e.g., Clomiphene citrate, Letrozole): Stimulate ovulation for women trying to conceive.
3. Surgical Options
In select cases, laparoscopic ovarian drilling may be considered when medication does not induce ovulation.
When to Seek Help at K K Hospital
If you experience any of the symptoms listed above, or if you have difficulty conceiving, schedule an appointment with our gynecology specialists. Early intervention can prevent long‑term complications such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and endometrial cancer.
Key Takeaways
- PCOS is common and manageable with the right approach.
- Regular follow‑up, a healthy lifestyle, and tailored medication are the cornerstones of treatment.
- K K Hospital’s multidisciplinary team offers personalized care, from diagnosis to fertility support.